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Oxandrolone Wikipedia
Oxandrolone Wikipedia
Contents
Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid that mimics the effects of androgens in the body. It is structurally similar to other steroids like stanozolol and bolanosolide.
Medical uses
- Muscle wasting associated with chronic illnesses like cancer, HIV/AIDS, and COPD
- Bone density improvement in conditions like osteoporosis
- Aid in recovery from major burns
- Used in the treatment of hereditary angina pectoris to improve exercise tolerance
Non-medical uses
Oxandrolone is sometimes used illegally for its potential to enhance muscle growth and athletic performance, despite not being FDA-approved for such purposes.
Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
- History of steroid sensitivity or allergy
- Severe liver disease
Side effects
- Acne
- Hair loss
- Olfactory changes
- Mood disturbances
- Edema (fluid retention)
- Gynecomastia in males
Interactions
- Corticosteroids
- Warfarin (increased risk of bleeding)
- Other anabolic steroids
Pharmacology
Oxandrolone is typically taken orally in doses ranging from 5 to 50 mg per day, divided into 1-3 doses. Its effects are mediated through androgen receptors.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug works by binding to androgen receptors in muscle and bone cells, stimulating protein synthesis and bone formation while minimizing muscle breakdown.
Steroid configuration
Oxandrolone is a 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyldihydroxy derivative of boldione, belonging to the D-ring steroid class with specific stereochemistry that enhances its therapeutic effects.
Pharmacokinetics
- Bioavailability: High (typically around 80-90%) when taken on an empty stomach
- Time to peak: 1-3 hours after administration
- Elimination half-life: Approximately 21 hours, with accumulation in chronic use
Chemistry
Oxandrolone is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a melting point of around 259°C. It is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents.
History
Oxandrolone was first synthesized in the late 1960s and approved by the FDA in 1990 as a treatment for hereditary angina pectoris. Its use expanded to other conditions over time.
Society and culture
Despite its medical applications, oxandrolone has become a subject of misuse in some circles, leading to legal restrictions on its distribution and use without a prescription.
Generic names
- Dihydroxylondolone (Dbol)
- Oxandrolone
Brand names
- Oxadrolone
- Oxa
- Astroneurogen Oxadrolone
Availability
In the United States, oxandrolone is available by prescription under strict monitoring due to its potential for misuse and side effects.
United States
Oxandrolone is classified as a controlled substance in the U.S. and requires a valid prescription from a licensed physician.
Other countries
Availability and legal status vary by country; in some regions, oxandrolone may be unavailable or require special permits for use.
Legal status
- In the United States: Controlled substance with restricted distribution and use.
- In the European Union: Subject to strict regulations under the European Medicines Agency.
- Elsewhere: Varies by country; some regions may prohibit its use entirely.
References
(Insert references from credible sources such as clinical trials or reputable medical journals)
External links
References: